A lightweight cell switching and traffic offloading scheme for energy optimization in ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

One of the major capacity boosters for 5G networks is the deployment of ultra-dense heterogeneous networks (UDHNs). However, this deployment results in a tremendous increase in the energy consumption of the network due to the large number of base stations (BSs) involved. In addition to enhanced capacity, 5G networks must also be energy efficient for it to be economically viable and environmentally friendly. Dynamic cell switching is a very common way of reducing the total energy consumption of the network, but most of the proposed methods are computationally demanding, which makes them unsuitable for application in ultra-dense network deployment with massive number of BSs. To tackle this problem, we propose a lightweight cell switching scheme also known as Threshold-based Hybrid cEll swItching Scheme (THESIS) for energy optimization in UDHNs. The developed approach combines the benefits of clustering and exhaustive search (ES) algorithm to produce a solution whose optimality is close to that of the ES (which is guaranteed to be optimal), but is computationally more efficient than ES and as such can be applied for cell switching in real networks even when their dimension is large. The performance evaluation shows that THESIS significantly reduces the energy consumption of the UDHN and can reduce the complexity of finding a near-optimal solution from exponential to polynomial complexity.     

PSO-LSSVM对LIBS定量分析精度的提高

针对土壤定量分析受基体效应影响大，LIBS定量分析精度不佳等问题，采用粒子群算法对LSSVM进行优化，提高模型的精确度。选取Pb Ⅰ 405.78 nm和Cr Ⅰ 425.44 nm作为分析谱线进行分析。采集十二个不同浓度样品的特征光谱，每个浓度样品在不同点采集20组数据，将其中17组数据设为训练集，3组数据设为预测集，用LSSVM和PSO-LSSVM两种方法建立定标模型。对比两种模型的拟合相关系数（R2）、训练集均方根误差（RMSEC）和预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)。由于自吸收效应的影响，随着浓度的增加，预测值逐渐低于实际值，LSSVM定标模型的拟合程度较低，无法达到实验要求，模型性能有待提高。利用粒子群算法对LSSVM的模型参数惩罚系数和核函数参数进行优化，得到最佳的参数组合，Pb元素为(8 096.8, 138.865 7)，Cr元素为(4 908.6, 393.563 5)，用最佳的参数组合构建LSSVM的定标模型。相比于LSSVM，PSO-LSSVM定标模型的精确度更高，Pb和Cr元素的R2提高到了0.982 8和0.985 0，拟合效果明显提升。Pb和Cr元素的训练集均方根误差由0.026 0 Wt%和0.027 2 Wt%下降到0.022 4 Wt%和0.019 1 Wt%，预测集均方根误差由0.101 8 Wt%和0.078 8 Wt% 下降到0.045 8 Wt%和0.042 0 Wt%，模型的稳定性进一步提高。说明PSO-LSSVM算法能够更好地降低土壤基体效应和自吸收效应带来的影响，提高分析结果的精确度与稳定性。     

对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性

利用标量化方法建立对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性定理。作为标量化方法的应用，利用这一方法得到向量变分不等式和拟向量变分不等式有效解的存在性定理。     

全局优化问题的一个新的无参数填充函数

求全局最优化问题的填充函数算法被提出以来，参数的选取和调整一直是制约算法有效性的因素。如何在实际的计算过程中选取合适的参数，直接影响和决定了运算速度和效率。因此，构造不含参数的填充函数就显得极为重要。提出一个新的无参数的填充函数，对其理论性质进行了分析，并给出相应的填充函数算法，数值计算验证了算法的有效性。     

Performance guarantees of forward and reverse greedy algorithms for minimizing nonsupermodular nonsubmodular functions on a matroid

This letter studies the problem of minimizing increasing set functions, equivalently, maximizing decreasing set functions, over the base matroid. This setting has received great interest, since it generalizes several applied problems including actuator and sensor placement problems in control, task allocation problems, video summarization, and many others. We study two greedy heuristics, namely, the forward and reverse greedy. We provide two novel performance guarantees for the approximate solutions obtained by them depending on both submodularity ratio and curvature.     

A posteriori error analysis of a quadratic finite volume method for nonlinear elliptic problems

In this article, we construct and analyze a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for a quadratic finite volume method (FVM) for solving nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We shall prove that the a posteriori error estimator yields the global upper and local lower bounds for the norm error of the FVM. So that the a posteriori error estimator is equivalent to the true error in a certain sense. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Mg,N掺杂β-Ga2O3光电性质的第一性原理计算

通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了Mg单掺杂、N单掺杂和不同浓度的Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃的结构性质、电子性质和光学性质,以期获得性能比较优异的p型β-Ga₂O₃材料。建立了五种模型:Mg单掺杂、N单掺杂、1个Mg-N共掺杂、2个Mg-N共掺杂和3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃。经过计算,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系的结构最稳定。此外,在5种模型中,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系的禁带宽度是最小的,并且N 2p和Mg 3s贡献的占据态抑制了氧空位的形成,从而增加了空穴浓度。因此,3个Mg-N共掺杂β-Ga₂O₃体系表现出优异的p型性质。3个Mg-N共掺杂体系的吸收峰出现明显红移,在太阳盲区的光吸收系数较大,这归因于导带Ga 4s、Ga 4p、Mg 3s向价带O 2p、N 2p的带间电子跃迁。本工作将为p型β-Ga₂O₃日盲光电材料的研究和应用提供理论指导。